Content Moderation Remedies

This Article addresses a critical but underexplored topic of “platform” law: if user’s online content or actions violate the rules, what should happen next? The longstanding expectation is that Internet services remove violative accounts from their services, and many laws mandate result. However, have wide range other options—what I call “remedies”—they can use to redress applicable rules. describes dozens remedies actually imposed. then provides normative framework help regulators navigate these remedial options address difficult tradeoffs involved in moderation. By moving past binary remove-or-not remedy dominates current discourse about moderation, this helps improve efficacy promote free expression, competition among services’ community-building functions.